Human senses

  The brain uses sense organs to reach out to its environment by which it responds to different stimuli such as light, sound waves, and pressure. This information is then transmitted electrically to different specialized areas of the cerebral cortex where all is processed into senses of hearing, vision, taste, touch, and smell.

  Sensory Neurons react to data from certain sense organs. Visual cortical neurons are highly sensitive to information from the eyes through the optic nerves.  Visuals neurons have been found to be more sensitive and react more strongly towards weak light signals coming from the optic nerve. 

  In most people who are blind or deaf, some some neurons that are usually to do with sight(this is in blindness) are taken over by hearing. Thus making people who cant see hear better and those who cannot hear see better. The primary visual cortex(center) is located in the back of the brain in the occipital lobe. The primary hearing cortex is found in the temporal lobes or the sides of your heads near the ears.

  In Synesthesia, most people are aware of only aware of one sensation in response to to one type of stimuli. For ex. Sound waves make noise but some claim to experience more than one sensation, and they can see sound as well as hear it. They can taste images as well as see them. This is when the neural pathway from a sense organ diverges and carries data from one type of stimuli to a part of the brain where it processes it as another. 

Brain Stem and the Cerebellum

  The brain stem isn't just a part that leads to the brain with  messages but sends messages too. The brain stem includes most of the brain but the cerebrum and diencephalon. Its upper most region is in the mid brain. Just bellow the mid brain is the hind brain. Its front is a large bulge called the pons. Bellow is the medulla.   

  Its functions are involved in activities like automatic movements such as how your eyes which suddenly move to look at an object as it passes by. The medulla keeps together, many nuclei which control respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor(blood pressure) as well as coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting. 

  The "little brain" is the bottom and rearmost area of the brain. It, just like the cerebrum has a wrinkled surface but its bulged and other areas contain more regular patterns.  In its anatomy includes the long slim vermis which runs down the middle separating 2 lobes both on the right and left. 

  The cerebellum is involved in movement coordination as well as balance. For example your cerebrum might say move your  right hand forward, and your cerebellum will move your left leg to keep you from falling.
   

Credits to the Human Brain, by Rita Carter.